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Painshill (also referred to as "Pains Hill" in some 19th-century texts〔(Google Books search for "Pains Hill, Surrey." )〕), near Cobham, Surrey, England, is one of the finest remaining examples of an 18th-century English landscape park. It was designed and created between 1738 and 1773 by the Hon. Charles Hamilton (MP). The original house built in the park by Hamilton has since been demolished. Painshill is owned by Elmbridge Borough Council and managed by the Painshill Trust. Painshill, which is open to the public (with entry charge), has a Grade 1 Heritage listing. In 1998 Painshill was awarded the Europa Nostra Medal for the ''"Exemplary restoration from a state of extreme neglect, of a most important 18th century landscape park and its extraordinary buildings."''〔Painshill Park Trust brochure, ''Welcome to Painshill ''〕 In May 2006 Painshill was awarded full collection status for its John Bartram Heritage Collection, by the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG).〔(John Bartram Heritage Collection )〕 ==History== Charles Hamilton was born in 1704 in Dublin, the 9th son and 14th child of the 6th Earl of Abercorn. He was educated at Westminster School and Oxford, and went on two Grand Tours, one in 1725 and a further one in 1732. In 1738 Hamilton began to acquire land at Painshill and, over the years, built up a holding of more than . His creation was among the earliest to reflect the changing fashion in garden design prompted by the Landscape Movement, which started in England in about 1730. It represented the move away from geometric formality in garden design to a new naturalistic formula. Many of the trees and shrubs planted by Hamilton were sent to him from Philadelphia by the naturalist John Bartram. The garden was open to respectable visitors, who were shown round by the head gardener for a tip, and was visited by many well-known figures including two visits by William Gilpin, pioneer of the Picturesque, Thomas Jefferson with John Adams, and Prince Franz of Anhalt-Dessau separately, on special tours of gardens,〔(Jefferson tour )〕 and the important landscape garden author Thomas Whately. Then as now there was a particular route round the park recommended, designed to bring the visitor upon the successive views with best effect. Views from Painshill were painted on plates for a Wedgwood service of porcelain commissioned by Catherine the Great of Russia. Hamilton eventually ran out of money and sold the estate in 1773 to Benjamin Bond Hopkins,〔http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=424&pop=1&page=0〕 who held the estate until his death in 1794.〔http://www.elmbridgemuseum.org.uk/elmbridgehundred/biographies/biography.asp?id=349〕 In 1778 Hopkins commissioned architect Richard Jupp to rebuild Painshill House in a different location within the park. The house was later extended in the 19th century by architect Decimus Burton and is now a grade II * listed building. Henry Lawes Luttrell, 2nd Earl of Carhampton (7 August 1743 – 25 April 1821) bought Painshill in 1807 from William Moffat. Luttrell lived at Painshill after having fled from the magnificent ancestral Luttrellstown Castle near Clonsilla outside Dublin, where his notorious role in crushing the Irish Rebellion in 1798 made it unsafe to stay. (His ancestor Colonel Henry Luttrell had been assassinated in Dublin in 1717 for betraying the Irish to King William III of England.) After his death in 1821, Luttrell's wife Jane lived at Painshill until her death in 1831 when it was sold it to Sir William Cooper, High Sheriff of Surrey. Sir William Cooper and his wife, later his widow, lived there until 1863, and installed Joseph Bramah's suspension bridge and water wheel, and planted an arboretum designed by John Claudius Loudon. In 1873, the English poet, literary and social critic, Matthew Arnold, rented Pains Hill Cottage from Mr. Charles J. Leaf and lived there until his death in 1888.〔(From ''Letters of Matthew Arnold: 1848-1888''. )〕 In 1904 Charles Combe of Cobham Park purchased and lived in Painshill Park, his son having moved into Cobham Park. Until World War II Painshill Park was held by a succession of private owners. In 1948 the estate was split up and sold in separate lots for commercial uses. The Park, as such, soon disappeared and its features fell into decay. By 1980 the local authority, Elmbridge Borough Council, had bought of Hamilton's original estate and the work of restoring the landscape garden and its many features could start. In the following year the Painshill Park Trust was founded as a registered charity with the remit "to restore Painshill as nearly as possible to Charles Hamilton's Original Concept of a Landscaped Garden for the benefit of the public." Fortunately there is a wealth of 18th-century images of the main features of Painshill to help the process. The restoration of this Grade I landscape is continuing, in 2013 work was completed on the restoration of the Crystal Grotto, further restoration work in the park is dependent on the availability of funding. The landscape garden continues to be a favourite location for film and television production, most recently as the grounds of "Bridgeford University" in Trinity (TV series) and the exteriors in the latest movie adaptation of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray (2009 film). The park now borders the A3 road, which is fortunately invisible and inaudible from nearly all parts, but allows easy access. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Painshill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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